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  <title>SSH基础使用方法 | 王竹兴 | Blob</title>
  <meta name="description" content="概述 ​	**SSH(Secure Shell) ** 是一种网络协议，用于计算机之间的加密登录。如果一个用户从本地计算机，使用SSH协议登录另一台远程计算机，我们就可以认为，这种登录是安全的，即使被中途截获，密码也不会泄露，原因在于它采用了非对称加密技术(RSA)加密了所有传输的数据。  ssh 的基本使用  生成私钥和公钥 1ssh-keygen -o -t rsa -C &quot;your.emai">
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      <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#ssh-的基本使用"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text"> ssh 的基本使用</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#生成私钥和公钥"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 生成私钥和公钥</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#添加-ssh-key-到-github-账户设置"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 添加 SSH Key 到 Github 账户设置。</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#scp-的基本使用"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text"> scp 的基本使用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#sshpass-的基本使用"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text"> sshpass 的基本使用</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#本地直接远程连接某台主机-执行shell命令"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 本地直接远程连接某台主机, 执行shell命令</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#远程连接指定ssh的端口-当远程主机不是默认的22端口时候"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 远程连接指定ssh的端口  (当远程主机不是默认的22端口时候)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#从密码文件读取文件内容作为密码去远程连接主机"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 从密码文件读取文件内容作为密码去远程连接主机</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#本地上传文件夹文件到远程主机"><span class="toc-number">3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 本地上传文件夹/文件到远程主机</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#从远程主机上拉取文件夹文件到本地"><span class="toc-number">3.5.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 从远程主机上拉取文件夹/文件到本地</span></a></li></ol></li></ol>
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        <p><strong>概述</strong></p>
<p>​	**SSH(Secure Shell) ** 是一种网络协议，用于计算机之间的加密登录。如果一个用户从本地计算机，使用SSH协议登录另一台远程计算机，我们就可以认为，这种登录是安全的，即使被中途截获，密码也不会泄露，原因在于它采用了非对称加密技术(RSA)加密了所有传输的数据。</p>
<h2 id="ssh-的基本使用"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#ssh-的基本使用"></a> ssh 的基本使用</h2>
<h3 id="生成私钥和公钥"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#生成私钥和公钥"></a> 生成私钥和公钥</h3>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ssh-keygen -o -t rsa -C "your.email@example.com" -b 4096</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>一路回车, 不设密码, 若命令错误, 删除<code>-o</code>重试。</p>
<p><img src="http://ww1.sinaimg.cn/large/929ea2a1gy1g0d3ft67vjj21500mctfr.jpg" alt></p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ssh-add</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="添加-ssh-key-到-github-账户设置"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#添加-ssh-key-到-github-账户设置"></a> 添加 <strong>SSH Key</strong> 到 Github 账户设置。</h3>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="http://ww1.sinaimg.cn/large/929ea2a1gy1g0d3hycxebj20y00k942j.jpg" alt></p>
<h2 id="scp-的基本使用"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#scp-的基本使用"></a> scp 的基本使用</h2>
<p><code>scp</code>是<strong>secure copy</strong>的简写，用于在Linux下进行<strong>远程拷贝文件</strong>的命令。</p>
<p>假设有两台机器IP分别为：A.104.238.161.75，B.43.224.34.73</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>在A服务器上操作，将B服务器上**/home/tmp/目录<strong>下所有的文件全部复制到</strong>本地的/root目录**下，命令为：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">scp -r root@43.224.34.73:/home/tmp /root</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li>
<p>在A服务器上将<strong>本地的/root/tmp目录</strong>下所有的文件传输到<strong>B的/home/tmpB</strong>目录下，命令为：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">scp -r /root/tmp root@43.224.34.73:/home/tmpB</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="sshpass-的基本使用"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#sshpass-的基本使用"></a> sshpass 的基本使用</h2>
<p>可通过命令行直接使用密码来进行远程连接和远程拉取文件。</p>
<h3 id="本地直接远程连接某台主机-执行shell命令"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#本地直接远程连接某台主机-执行shell命令"></a> 本地直接远程连接某台主机, 执行<strong>shell</strong>命令</h3>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 123456 为主机密码 假设主机ip为192.168.11.11</span></span><br><span class="line">sshpass -p 123456    ssh root@192.168.11.11    "ls /root"</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="远程连接指定ssh的端口-当远程主机不是默认的22端口时候"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#远程连接指定ssh的端口-当远程主机不是默认的22端口时候"></a> 远程连接指定ssh的端口  (当远程主机不是默认的22端口时候)</h3>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 123456 为主机密码 1024为主机开放端口 假设主机ip为192.168.11.11</span></span><br><span class="line">sshpass -p 123456    ssh -p 1024 root@192.168.11.11 "ls /root"</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="从密码文件读取文件内容作为密码去远程连接主机"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#从密码文件读取文件内容作为密码去远程连接主机"></a> 从密码文件读取文件内容作为密码去远程连接主机</h3>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> password.txt为存放密码的文本文件 假设主机ip为192.168.11.11</span></span><br><span class="line">sshpass -f password.txt    ssh root@192.168.11.11 "ls /root"</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="本地上传文件夹文件到远程主机"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#本地上传文件夹文件到远程主机"></a> 本地上传文件夹/文件到远程主机</h3>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 123456 为主机密码 1024为主机开放端口 假设主机ip为192.168.11.11</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> LOCAL_DIR为本地要上传的目录 DST_UPLOAD_DIR为远程主机接收路径</span></span><br><span class="line">sshpass -p 123456    scp -P 1024 $&#123;LOCAL_DIR&#125; root@192.168.11.11:$&#123;DST_UPLOAD_DIR&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="从远程主机上拉取文件夹文件到本地"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#从远程主机上拉取文件夹文件到本地"></a> 从远程主机上拉取文件夹/文件到本地</h3>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 123456 为主机密码 1024为主机开放端口 假设主机ip为192.168.11.11</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> ORIGIN_DIR为远端要拉取的目录 LOCAL_DIR为本地接收路径</span></span><br><span class="line">sshpass -p 123456    scp -P 1024 root@192.168.11.11:$&#123;ORIGIN_DIR&#125; $&#123;LOCAL_DIR&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

      
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